{"id":14,"date":"2023-09-22T17:35:24","date_gmt":"2023-09-22T17:35:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wpexample.rejeanpineault.ca\/?p=14"},"modified":"2023-09-23T20:07:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-23T20:07:30","slug":"comment-fonctionne-un-site-web","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wpexample.rejeanpineault.ca\/?p=14","title":{"rendered":"Comment fonctionne un site Web?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/C4nWUvFBMX0?si=w4XmZ6xJLtr5Km2C\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>A pr\u00e9sent, essayons de comprendre de mani\u00e8re simple&nbsp;<strong>comment fonctionne un site web<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En fait,&nbsp;<strong>surfer sur le Web<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u2019est un \u00e9change. Waouh c\u2019est beau ! Non vraiment&nbsp;<strong>le Web<\/strong>&nbsp;est un syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9change entre un&nbsp;<strong>client et un serveur<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le&nbsp;client&nbsp;c\u2019est nous, c\u2019est notre&nbsp;<strong>navigateur Web<\/strong>, c\u2019est lui qui va nous permettre de voir le&nbsp;<strong>Web<\/strong>&nbsp;depuis notre ordinateur, smartphone ou tablette. C\u2019est celui que vous connaissez sans doute sous le nom de&nbsp;<strong>Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer<\/strong>, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Et le&nbsp;serveur, c\u2019est en fait un ordinateur puissant qui stocke et&nbsp;<strong>h\u00e9berge des sites Web<\/strong>. C\u2019est sur cet ordinateur que se trouvent les&nbsp;<strong>pages Web<\/strong>, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire tous les fichiers du&nbsp;<strong>site internet<\/strong>&nbsp;auquel on veut acc\u00e9der.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le but&nbsp;du&nbsp;<strong>serveur<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>web<\/strong>&nbsp;est de servir des clients, d\u2019o\u00f9 le nom \u00ab&nbsp;serveur&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le client&nbsp;acc\u00e8de&nbsp;\u00e0 une&nbsp;<strong>page&nbsp;Web<\/strong>&nbsp;en utilisant l\u2019<strong>adresse d\u2019un site web<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 appel\u00e9e&nbsp;<strong>URL<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 dans son&nbsp;<strong>navigateur<\/strong>.&nbsp;Par exemple, l\u2019URL&nbsp;<em>http:\/\/monsite.fr\/mondossier\/mapage.html<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut d\u00e9composer&nbsp;<strong>l\u2019URL<\/strong>&nbsp;en plusieurs parties&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 \u201c<em>http\u201d<\/em>, c\u2019est le nom du&nbsp;<strong>protocole de communication<\/strong>&nbsp;entre le&nbsp;client et le&nbsp;serveur,<br>\u2013 \u201c<em>monsite.com\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;est le&nbsp;<strong>nom de domaine du site Web<\/strong>&nbsp;auquel on veut acc\u00e9der,<br>\u2013 &nbsp;\u201c<em>mondossier\/mapage.html\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;est l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 se trouve la&nbsp;<strong>page dans le site web<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La communication entre client et serveur<\/strong>&nbsp;se fait en trois \u00e9tapes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Premi\u00e8rement, le client&nbsp;commande une&nbsp;<strong>page Web<\/strong>&nbsp;au serveur. Il saisit l\u2019URL d\u2019un site dans son navigateur. Celui-ci envoie imm\u00e9diatement une&nbsp;<strong>requ\u00eate web<\/strong>&nbsp;au serveur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensuite, le&nbsp;<strong>serveur<\/strong>&nbsp;pr\u00e9pare cette&nbsp;commande c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la page&nbsp;Web en question. Le serveur va se charger de traiter la requ\u00eate et renvoyer les donn\u00e9es demand\u00e9es (page web, image, vid\u00e9o\u2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Et enfin, le&nbsp;<strong>navigateur<\/strong>&nbsp;interpr\u00e8te les donn\u00e9es re\u00e7ues et les renvoient au client qui va les afficher directement sur notre \u00e9cran<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelles sont les diff\u00e9rentes sortes de sites web?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Parfois, le&nbsp;<strong>r\u00f4le du serveur<\/strong>&nbsp;est vraiment simple, c\u2019est le cas pour les&nbsp;<strong>sites Web statiques<\/strong>.<br>Le client envoie une requ\u00eate au serveur qui&nbsp;se contente de renvoyer la page&nbsp;demand\u00e9e. Le serveur ne fait&nbsp;aucun&nbsp;travail sur la page en question, d\u2019o\u00f9 le terme \u201cstatique\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On utilise&nbsp;un&nbsp;<strong>site statique<\/strong>&nbsp;lorsque l\u2019on a juste besoin&nbsp;de pr\u00e9senter des informations. On parle alors de&nbsp;<strong>site vitrine<\/strong>.&nbsp;<strong>Cr\u00e9er une page web<\/strong>&nbsp;statique est tr\u00e8s simple et est \u00e0 la port\u00e9e de tous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais parfois le serveur doit bosser un peu plus dur et c\u2019est le cas pour les&nbsp;<strong>sites Web dynamiques<\/strong>.<br>Lorsque le&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>&nbsp;commande une page au&nbsp;<strong>serveur<\/strong>, le serveur pr\u00e9pare&nbsp;cette commande. Il fait un vrai travail dessus avant de la renvoyer au client.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 \u00e7a que les&nbsp;<strong>pages Web&nbsp;peuvent \u00eatre personnalis\u00e9es<\/strong>&nbsp;en fonction de chaque client ou en fonction de donn\u00e9es externes au site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par exemple&nbsp;<strong>Facebook est un site dynamique<\/strong>. Le contenu est diff\u00e9rent&nbsp;et personnalis\u00e9 pour chaque utilisateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De quoi sont compos\u00e9es nos pages Web?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme vous l\u2019avez compris, la visite d\u2019un site Web est le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019une communication entre un client et un serveur.<br>Ce que le&nbsp;<strong>client<\/strong>, notre&nbsp;<strong>navigateur Web<\/strong>, recevra, sera \u00e9crit en&nbsp;<strong>langage client<\/strong>, c\u2019est la partie visible de l\u2019Iceberg souvent appel\u00e9e \u201c<strong>Front-End<\/strong><em>\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par contre, tout le travail qu\u2019effectuera le&nbsp;<strong>serveur<\/strong>&nbsp;sur nos&nbsp;<strong>pages Web<\/strong>&nbsp;avant de les envoyer au client sera \u00e9crit en&nbsp;<strong>langage serveur<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u2019est la partie cach\u00e9e de l\u2019Iceberg souvent appel\u00e9e \u201c<strong>Back-End<\/strong><em>\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CMS (Content Management System)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant de finir, j\u2019aimerais aussi vous parler des&nbsp;<strong>CMS<\/strong>.&nbsp;Vous avez sans doute entendu parler de&nbsp;<strong>WordPress<\/strong>, et bien il s\u2019agit d\u2019un&nbsp;<strong>CMS<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les&nbsp;<strong>CMS<\/strong>&nbsp;sont en fait des&nbsp;<strong>sites Web dynamiques cl\u00e9 en main<\/strong>.&nbsp;C\u2019est g\u00e9nial pour quelqu\u2019un qui ne sait pas coder parce qu\u2019il&nbsp;pourra&nbsp;<strong>cr\u00e9er un site Web<\/strong>&nbsp;assez rapidement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il sera tout de m\u00eame limit\u00e9 d\u00e8s qu\u2019il voudra un petit peu le personnaliser et c\u2019est pourquoi il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de conna\u00eetre les&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/apprendre-a-coder.com\/cours\/decouvrir-le-developpement-web\/\"><strong>bases du d\u00e9veloppement Web<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;m\u00eame si on d\u00e9cide de travailler avec un CMS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cliquez&nbsp;ici pour&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/apprendre-a-coder.com\/developpement-front-end\/\">en savoir plus sur le d\u00e9veloppement Front-End<\/a>&nbsp;et ici pour&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/apprendre-a-coder.com\/developpement-back-end\/\">en savoir plus sur le d\u00e9veloppement Back-End<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A pr\u00e9sent, essayons de comprendre de mani\u00e8re simple&nbsp;comment fonctionne un site web. En fait,&nbsp;surfer sur le Web&nbsp;c\u2019est un \u00e9change. Waouh c\u2019est beau ! Non vraiment&nbsp;le Web&nbsp;est un syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9change entre un&nbsp;client et un serveur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5],"tags":[7,10],"class_list":["post-14","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cours","category-intro-au-web","tag-base-du-web","tag-siteweb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Comment fonctionne un site Web? - Exemple de Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wpexample.rejeanpineault.ca\/?p=14\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment fonctionne un site Web? - Exemple de Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A pr\u00e9sent, essayons de comprendre de mani\u00e8re simple&nbsp;comment fonctionne un site web. 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